Name: How to grow a glacier - M Jackson
Uploaded: 2019-07-08T06:31:31.000Z
Duration: 5 min 20 s
Description: Thousands of YouTube videos with English-Chinese subtitles! Now you can learn to understand native speakers, expand your vocabulary, and improve your pronunciation...

Translator: Ngoc Nguyen Reviewer: Hung Tran Phi

In the 13th Century, Genghis Khan embarked on a mission to take over Eurasia, swiftly conquering countries and drawing them into his expanding Mongol Empire.

With his vast armies he became almost unstoppable.

Thành Cát Tư Hãn bắt tay  thực hiện sứ mệnh chinh phục Á-Âu,

But, legend has it that there was one obstacle that even the impressive Khan couldn't overcome.

nhanh chóng chế ngự và sáp nhập các nước vào Đế chế Mông Cổ.

A towering wall of ice, grown by locals across a mountain pass to stop the Khan's armies from invading their territory.

Với đội quân hùng hậu, ông gần như bất khả chiến bại.

No one knows how historically accurate that particular story is, but remarkably, it draws on fact.

Nhưng, truyền thuyết kể rằng đã có một rào cản

For centuries, in the Karakoram and Himalayan mountain ranges, people have been growing glaciers  and using these homemade bodies of ice as sources of drinking water and  irrigation for their crops.

ngay cả Thành Cát Tư Hãn vĩ đại cũng không thể vượt qua:

But before we get to that fascinating phenomenon, it's important to understand the difference between glaciers that grow in the wild, and those that humans create.

In the wild, glaciers require three conditions to grow.

được dân địa phương dựng ngang đèo

để ngăn chặn quân đội Mông Cổ xâm chiếm lãnh thổ.

First, a great deal of snow falls and accumulates.

Không ai biết tính xác thực của câu chuyện,

Cold temperatures then ensure that the stacked up snow persists throughout the winter, spring, summer, and fall.

nhưng rõ ràng, nó dựa trên một hiện tượng có thật:

Over the following years, decades, and centuries, the pressure of the accumulated snow transforms layers into highly compacted glacial ice.

Trong nhiều thế kỷ, tại dãy Karakoram và Himalaya,

Artificially growing a glacier, however, is completely different.

con người đã tạo ra sông băng và sử dụng những khối băng tự chế này

At the confluence of three great mountain ranges, the Himalayas, Karakoram, and Hindu Kush, some local cultures have believed for centuries that glaciers are alive.

như nguồn nước uống và tưới tiêu.

And what's more, that certain glaciers can have different genders, including male and female.

Nhưng trước khi nói đến hiện tượng thú vị này,

Local Glacier Growers "breed" new glaciers by grafting together—or marrying—fragments of ice from male and female glaciers.

Then covering them with charcoal,  wheat husks, cloths, or willow branches so they can reproduce.

Under their protective coverings, these glacierets transform into fully active glaciers that grow each year with additional snowfall.

Those then serve as lasting reserves of water that farmers can use to irrigate their crops.

Trong tự nhiên, cần có ba điều kiện để hình thành sông băng:

These practices have spread to other cultures, where people are creating their own versions of glaciers and applying them to solve serious modern challenges around water supplies.

tuyết rơi, nhiệt độ thấp và thời gian.

Take Ladakh, a high-altitude desert region in northern India.

Đầu tiên, nhiều tuyết rơi và tích tụ.

It sits in the rain shadow of the Himalayas and receives on average fewer than ten centimeters of rain per year.

Nhiệt độ thấp  đảm bảo tuyết rơi chồng lên nhau

As local glaciers shrink because of climate change, regional water scarcity is increasing.

và không tan  qua mùa đông, xuân, hè và thu.

And so, local people have started growing their own glaciers as insurance against this uncertainty.

Hàng năm, hàng thập kỷ,  và hàng thế kỷ sau đó,

These glaciers come in two types: horizontal, and vertical.

áp lực của các lớp tuyết xếp chồng lên nhau

Horizontal glaciers are formed when farmers redirect glacier meltwater into channels and pipes.

khiến chúng biến thành băng có độ nén rất chặt.

Then carefully siphon it off into a series of basins made from stones and earth.

Sông băng nhân tạo lại hoàn toàn khác.

Villagers minutely control the release of water into these reservoirs, waiting for each new layer to freeze before filling the basin with another wave.

Tại nơi giao nhau của ba dãy núi lớn:

In early spring, these frozen pools begin to melt, supplying villagers with irrigation for their fields.

Local people make vertical glaciers using the meltwater from already-existing glaciers high above their villages.

nhiều nền văn hóa địa phương  tin rằng sông băng có sự sống.

The meltwater enters channels that run downhill, flowing until it reaches a crop site where it bursts forth from a pipe pointing straight into the air.

Hơn nữa, chúng có thể  có giới tính gồm cả đực và cái.

When winter temperatures dip, this water freezes as it arcs  out of the pipe, ultimately forming a 50 meter ice  sculpture called a stupa, shaped like an upside-down ice cream cone.

Người tạo sông băng tạo ra  sông băng mới bằng cách ghép hay kết hôn

This inverted form minimizes the amount of surface area it exposes to the sun in the spring and summer.

những mảnh băng từ những sông băng đực và cái,

That ensures that the mini-glacier melts slowly and provides a reliable supply of water to feed the farmers' crops.

sau đó, phủ lên than, vỏ lúa mì, vải hoặc cành liễu

These methods may be ancient, but they're becoming more relevant as climate change takes its toll on our planet.

In fact, people are now growing their own glaciers in many regions beyond Ladakh.

Swiss people, utilizing modern glacier growing technology, created their first stupa in 2016  in the Swiss Alps.

những khối băng sẽ biến thành sông băng thực sự,

There are plans for over 100 more in villages in Pakistan, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan.

phát triển thêm mỗi năm khi tuyết rơi.

Perhaps one day we'll be able to harness our homegrown glaciers well enough to build whole walls of ice.

Sau đó, được sử dụng như nguồn dự trữ nước dài hạn

This time not for keeping people out, but to enable life in some of the planet's harshest landscapes.

để nông dân tưới cho cây trồng.

As Nikola Tesla said, the progressive development of man is vitally dependent on invention.

Việc này đã lan rộng sang các nền văn hóa khác,

Check out this playlist to see some of the ingenious inventions, giving us hope for a brighter future.

người ta tạo ra sông băng riêng của họ,